Arthritis Explained: Why It Happens and How to Prevent Joint Damage

Arthritis is a condition marked by pain, swelling, and stiffness in the joints, affecting people of all ages — not just the elderly. The two most common types are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

In osteoarthritis, the cartilage — the soft tissue cushioning the joints — gradually wears away, leading to stiffness and discomfort. In contrast, rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease, where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own joints, causing inflammation and pain. Other forms include gout and bioinflammatory arthritis. Detecting symptoms early and seeking medical treatment can help manage the condition effectively.

Key Symptoms
Early signs of arthritis include joint pain, stiffness, swelling, redness, and warmth. Initially, you may feel mild stiffness after waking up, but as it progresses, movement becomes difficult and fatigue sets in. The knees, hips, wrists, and fingers are the most commonly affected joints. Chronic inflammation can eventually damage bones and cartilage, making early management crucial.

Why Arthritis Occurs
According to Dr. Akhilesh Yadav of Max Hospital, arthritis develops due to multiple factors such as aging, joint overuse, injuries, genetic predisposition, and autoimmune reactions.

• Osteoarthritis is more common in individuals above 50 years.

• Women are more prone to rheumatoid arthritis.

• Excess weight, joint injuries, and repetitive movements (like heavy lifting or sports) can strain joints.

• Lifestyle factors like smoking, poor diet, and chronic inflammation also increase the risk.

How to Prevent Arthritis

• Engage in regular light exercise and stretching to strengthen joints.

• Eat a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D.

• Maintain a healthy weight to reduce joint pressure.

• Avoid sitting or standing too long in one position.

• Quit smoking and limit alcohol consumption.

• If you experience persistent pain or swelling, consult a doctor early for diagnosis and management.